Neuro Hack of the week: using TNR's to your advantage

Have you heard of Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflexes? 1st described by Magnus and de Kleyn in 1912, when the head is rotated to one side, there is ipsilateral extension of the upper and lower extremity on that side, and flexion of the contralateral (the side AWAY from where you are rotating) upper and lower extremity. Take a few minutes to see the subtleness of the reflex in the picture above. Now think about how this occurs in your clients/patients.  The reflex is everywhere!

This reflex often persists into adulthood and is modulated by both eye movement and muscular activity. When there is neurological compromise, the reflex can be more prevalent, and it appears to arise from the joint mechanoreceptors in the neck and its connection to the reticular formation of the brainstem.

Let’s say you want to improve hip extension on the right:

actively looking with the eyes to the right and rotating the head to the right facilitates the right tricep, quadricep and glute max and facilitates the left bicep, hamstring and iliopsoas
    
We remember while walking, that the left arm is tied to the right lower extremity neurologically. If you were to rotate your head to the right, you will facilitate extension of the right hip, extension of the right upper extremity (and flexion of the left arm/shoulder and left lower extremity). So, simply put, be like Robocop or the Terminator and rotate your head to the right while your right leg is extending.

Note that the upper extremity is opposite of what we would want to get out of the reflex to take full advantage so you can:

• do nothing, taking advantage of the lower extremity portion of the reflex. This seems to be fairly effective and is certainly the easiest. This is the way we “normally” walk, and from that perspective, is neurologically sound.
• uncouple the upper and lower extremity and extend the right upper extremity while the right lower extremity is extending. Uncomfortable and awkward, but effective. Give it a try and see what we mean
• not swing the arms at all; requires a little practice

Why not try all 3 and see what works best for you and your patient/client?

The Gait Guys. Giving you info you can use in a practical manner, each and every post. Be a gait geek. Spread the word.

 http://www.worldneurologyonline.com/article/arthur-simons-tonic-neck-reflexes-hemiplegic-persons/#sthash.6QS3Eat3.dpuf

Bruijn SM1, Massaad F, Maclellan MJ, Van Gestel L, Ivanenko YP, Duysens J. Are effects of the symmetric and asymmetric tonic neck reflexes still visible in healthy adults?Neurosci Lett. 2013 Nov 27;556:89-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.028. Epub 2013 Oct

Le Pellec A1, Maton B. Influence of tonic neck reflexes on the upper limb stretch reflex in man. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1996 Jun;6(2):73-82.

Michael D. Ellis, Justin Drogos, Carolina Carmona, Thierry Keller, Julius P. A. Dewal Neck rotation modulates flexion synergy torques, indicating an ipsilateral reticulospinal source for impairment in stroke Journal of NeurophysiologyDec 2012,108(11)3096-3104;DOI: 10.1152/jn.01030.2011

What’s wrong with this picture?

 The model is obviously well sculpted and hopefully will paid for the toll that this exercise will be taking on her nervous system overtime. Take a close look at the picture above on the left. Look carefully and what do you notice? Do you see it?

This exercise is neurologically incongruent.  Her right arm is flexed at the same time as her right hip. When does this ever happen in gait?

 Do you remember crossed extensor responses or tonic neck reflexes? If not, see here and here. When we walk the right arm and left leg or flexed while the left arm and right leg are extended. During a tonic neck response, and that is rotated to one side the upper and lower extremity (upper greater than lower) should extend on that side with flexion on the contralateral side.

During a tonic neck reflex, the head is rotated to one side the upper and lower extremity (upper greater than lower) should extend on that side with flexion on the contralateral side. In the picture above her torso is rotated to the left while looking straight ahead which is effectively right neck rotation and her extremities are flexed on that side.

 In the picture above her torso is rotated to the left while looking straight ahead which is effectively right neck rotation and her extremities are flexed on that side.

Who thinks of these things? Certainly not folks that are paying attention to appropriate neurology and physiology!  Oh yeah, and the ad was for massage cream. Jeez…