The gluteus medius is playing target practice.

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We think about the gluteus medius often, mostly, during stance phases of locomotion. But, do not forget about the absolutely necessary function of the gluteus medius on the swing limb. Foot placement of that swing leg is in part dictated by how well the pendulum leg receives gluteus medius control to abduct the leg. When it fails to abduct adequately, a more adducted/medial foot placement occurs. An agreeable balance between the abductors and adductors affords a more pure forward sagittal pendulum of the hinging leg. When imbalanced, from insufficient gmedius and the rest of the abductory team, the foot and leg can target a more medial pendulum swing and thus a more medial foot target placement. Thus, the gluteus medius is important in both the stance and swing phases of gait. We discussed this in the webinar last night. Failure to develop the skill, endurance and strength of the gluteus medius and related complex of muscles will often result in frontal plane pelvis drift on the stance limb, and adduction targeting of the foot. What is this called ? We call it the Cross Over gait and we have written oodles of articles about this gait phenomenon, more than anyone else we believe. It is real, it has economical advantages and similar liabilities. Want to learn more, type it into the SEARCH box on our website-blog. Many people this is a normal gait, how we should all run. We think like most things in this world, there is a benefit and a drawback to things, and it is how you use it, as long as you read the instructions. Sadly, we were never given our users manual when we were born. That is, in part, what we are trying to do here at . . . . www.thegaitguys.com

Childhood Long Bone Torsions: Neurodevelopmental Considerations

Key Tag words:  torsions, gait, long bone torsions, femoral torsion, tibial torsion, neuromotor, neuroscience, locomotion, DNS, ambulation, walking, running, gait analysis, infant gait, childhood gait, jiu jitsu, crossover gait, cross over, vestibular, Parkinson's disease

We hit some good topics today, from childhood torsional issues, fix or leave alone ? What to look for when first observing and examining your client's gait plus Balance and vestibular function in gait and bike riding, exercise and neurodegenerative disorders and diseases and even developing proper neuromotor patterns, and inhibiting improper ones.
Plus we hit a favorite topic, the cross over gait and Ivo hits some highlights on gating inhibitory pathways.


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summitchiroandrehab.com doctorallen.co shawnallen.net

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Show Notes:

Stacking of the joints. A Runner's dilemma ?

You've heard us say it again and again, do not coach out arm swing dislikes if you have not addressed the problems in the lower limbs (including pelvis, hips knees etc). Look at this photo, clearly left hip frontal plane sway, and right arm swing frontal plane sway. It is not a coincidence. Those 2 limbs are neurologically paired. The arm is acting like a ballast in the opposite frontal plane to help her stay centered. She is failing, compensating, but at least not falling over. Focusing on the cause(s) of the left frontal pelvis-hip drift would be our direction, not coaching out the arm swing. We rarely, if ever, coach changes to arm swing. We have posted articles in the past that confirm that arm swing is more passive, and subservient to leg swing motor pathways.
Read on . . .

https://thegaitguys.tumblr.com/post/75606947998/stacking-of-the-joints-and-something-that-can-go

Who’s driving the compensation, anyway?

We often look at folks gait and see a pelvic drift or lean to the weak side and think “I should help them strengthen their gluteus medius”, which is often needed, but we need to think of what is driving that compensation.

Take a look at this gent that presented to the office with low back pain and watch his gait. 

Some things we hope you see are:

  • lean to the right during right stance phase
  • increased arm swing on the left
  • increased progression angle of the foot on the left
  • increased arm abduction on the left, adduction on the right
  • increased finger flexion on the left
  • slight head tilt to the left
  • tibial varum
  • crossover gait

Perhaps you are thinking, in the same order as above:

  • weak glute medius on left or QL on right or compensating for LLD on L
  • using L arm to try and help propel himself forward
  • increased balance requirements on the left so the “kickstand” foot
  • moving center of gravity the left
  • increased flexor tone to try and compensate for a weakness
  • moving center of gravity to the left, the brain needs to help keep the eyes parallel to the horizon
  • tibial varum and perhaps a more supinated foot posture, or increased forefoot pronation requirements
  • crossover

..or maybe you are thinking of something else?

The truth of the matter is that what is driving the largest part of his compensation is in fact a disc herniation, but not for what you may be thinking. The herniation is on the LEFT SIDE and at L3-L4. Take a look at the MRI Image. Yes, there is also a small herniation that L5-S1 but it DOES NOT occlude the foarmen nor hit the individual nerve roots and is on the LEFT (which you are hopefully thinking would cause left sided weakness)

Hmmm...

So what is driving his compensation is actually a LEFT SIDED quad/adductor weakness (the femoral and obturator nerves are from L2-4). Go back and watch the video again. Can you see it?

Someone needs to be driving the bus. Don’t be too quick to jump on it until you know who is driving it and where it is going. 

A unique version of the circumducting gait.

It is Rewind Friday:
Chef and general overall badass Anthony Bourdain's gait.
A unique variation on the Circumducting Gait. You will see this one is many people, if you look for it.

https://thegaitguys.tumblr.com/post/21713480315/the-chef-another-abnormal-gait-pattern-in

The Chef: Another abnormal gait pattern in celebrity chef and The Travel Channel’s Anthony Bourdain.

It was just a few nights ago after a 13hour day with patients that I got home and climbed into bed, looking forward to flipping through channels to find something to alter my brainwave state. I needed to find something that would allow me to dial down into a slumber.  Much to my happiness I found one of my favorite shows, “No Reservations” with my favorite chef.  I get a real kick out of Tony. This is one smart dude. He is pretty slick with the english language.  Did you ever get to read his New
York Times best seller “Kitchen Confidential”?  What a killer book. We recommend the audio book read by the author himself.  It turned the restaurant scene upside down.  Has anyone ever told you not to order fish Monday through Thursday ? It is all in the book.  Why else do I love Bourdain?  His command of the english language is exceptional, and creative.  For example, he once said, “what would it be like to be a meat-filled Pinata at a Pit Bull convention?”.  Things like that stick with you.

Anyhow, so there I am lying in bed dozing off, listening to Bourdain talk about Mozambique and there he is in all his slender glory walking down the street with his sidekick Samir.  “Red Alert, Red Alert ! "  The clinical brain snaps back on.  Dammit !  Knowing very well I had to rewind the cable box to see it again, but knowing I was slowly descending into deeper brainwaves, I quickly rewind and grab my iphone to record the gait you see above.  You see, when you are a gait nerd like us, nothing escapes you when it is this obviously wrong. It is a disease; trust us.  We cannot go anywhere anymore without noticing pathologic gait.  It appears we cannot even watch a cooking show. And since we live on a planet where everyone walks, it must be a penance for something we must have done in another life.

Onto Bourdain’s gait. 

Look at Tony’s circumducting feet compared to Samirs (on the right).  Samir clearly engages pelvis lift on the swing leg side which is typically brought on by engagement of the hip abductors (g. medius) on the stance leg side. This lift on the swing side allows the swing leg to have ample room to pendulum through without having to prostitute the knee or foot posturing.  The knee and foot simply sagittally hinge through, this is economical gait.

Bourdain on the other hand shows little if any swing side pelvis lift driven by stance leg hip gluteus medius engagement.  This creates a clearance problem for the pendulum swing leg.  So now the problem becomes how to get the leg to swing through without catching the toes and foot. You must create clearance. Clearance can be obtained by:

generating oppositehip abduction forcing the swing leg hemi-pelvis to lift
increasing hip flexion which will initiate a steppage gait. This will be combined with increased knee flexion. This is productive and necessary if you are climbing stairs or trying to unload a painful turf toe near the end of stance phase push off.  When seen in normal walking gait it may represent neurologic pathology.  But folks with hip problems or weakness will use it to get around to avoid tripping.
circumduct the swing leg hip. The act of swinging the leg outward and around will eat up the leg length.
circumduct the foot.

Bourdain is doing #4. It is a pretty lazy gait strategy, you can see it is lazy. It probably requires very little energy to flip the foot outside the normal ankle dorsiflexion foot swing progression.  What must be the cost to activating the peronei and the lateral toe extensors to flip that foot around like that ? Sure you can see that the knees are for a moment carried outside the sagittal plane but who cares, right ? 

There are a couple of concerns. One is that failure on a single step to generate sufficient foot/ankle circumduction will result in a foot catch and a fall.  Another is the trouble in always getting that circumducting foot to land precisely in the near sagittal plane. When you move the foot on an arc you really only have a narrow target to land the foot within the 5-15degree landing zone. Circumduct too far and the foot is in-toed and more rigid due to it being supinated during midstance, circumduct too little and the foot is more out-toed and increased pronation risk increases.  This goes for running as well.

Go back and watch Samir’s walk. Clean and done right, the swing leg is a passive pendulum. Tony’s is obviously different. Who knows, maybe he has bad hips ? Maybe it was always a struggle to walk normally. He is 6'4” so we cannot blame it on excessive height unless he lives in a house that has 6 foot ceilings, because then his strategy would be our gait of choice. It would be the only one that would effectively work !  Maybe that is it. Maybe he lives in Smallville ?

We don’t think so.  The only for sure way to know would be to get him on our exam table and see what parts he is not using. We would put big money on weak gluteus medius, bilaterally.  It is the one we see most often in this abnormal gait pattern.

Shawn and Ivo, tortured gait observers in a world of ambulatory pathology.

Welcome to our hell.

Training out a crossover gait?

This gal came to see us with right-sided hamstring insertional pain. During gait analysis we noted that she has a crossover gait as seen in the first two sections of this video. In addition to making other changes both biomechanically (manipulation, gluteus medius exercises) and in her running style (“Rounding out her gait” and making her gait more “circular”, running with less impact on foot strike, extending her toes slightly in her shoes) she was told to run with her arms at her sides rather than across her body. You can see the results and the third part of this.

Because of her bilateral gluteus medius weakness that is seen with the dipping and lateral shift of the pelvis on the footstrike side, she moves her arms across her body to move her center of gravity over her feet.

Yes, there is much more work that needs to be done. This is one simple step in the entire process.

Can you see it?
Here we are again. We have looked at this picture before; once about head tilt, and another about flip flops and form.
Take a good look at this picture and what is different about the child in blue all the way to the right and all th…

Can you see it?

Here we are again. We have looked at this picture before; once about head tilt, and another about flip flops and form.

Take a good look at this picture and what is different about the child in blue all the way to the right and all the others with the exception of the boy in pink, that we really cannot see?

Can you see it? No, we don’t mean the flip flops (but if you caught that all the boys were in sneakers and all the girls are in flip flops, you are good!)

How about looking at arm swing? Remember this post on arm swing and crossover gait, with the simple cue for correction? All of the children EXCEPT the boy in blue, are drawing their arms ACROSS their body (ie: flexion, internal rotation and adduction). Take a look at their legs. Yep, crossover gait (flexion, internal rotation and adduction). Little boy blues arms are going relatively straight and going in the saggital plane, where the others are going in the coronal plane.

We are not saying that blue does not have some gait challenges, like his torso shift to the left (or pelvic drift to the right), most likely do to gluteus medius weakness or inappropriate firing of the gluteus medius on the left stance phase leg; or his head tilt to the right, which most likely represents a compensation for the right pelvic drift and left body lean.

Arm swing. A very important clue to the puzzle we call gait and compensation. It is more prevalent than you think, and, in some cases, easily corrected with a simple cue.

The Gait Guys. Making it real and pertinent, in each and every post.

Correcting a cross over gait with arm swing? Is it really THAT easy? Sometimes, yes!

We noticed this patient had a cross over gait while running (1st few seconds of video. need to know more about crossover gait? click here). We noted she was crossing her arms over her body as well. We than had her run her hands and arms straight out. See the crossover disappear? Need to know more about arm swing? click here

We the had her do the same while walking. Easier to see, eh? That’s because it is often easier to “fudge” things when you are moving faster (ie: the basal ganglia of nervous system can interpolate where the body part is supposed to be, and because of momentum, there is less need for precision). When we do things slowly (like the 3 second Test), more precision is needed. Watch this short video clip a few more times.

The arms are essentially adducting when the arms cross over. The arms are reciprocally paired with the contralateral lower extremity. When you make a change in one, you often will make a change in the other.

Subtle. Yes. Easier to see when the task becomes more difficult. Yes. Pay attention, the answer is often right there if you look closely enough.

Providing the clues to help you be smarter, better, faster, stronger; we are The Gait Guys

special thanks to “Q” for allowing us to publish this video : )

Take a look at this gal.
Why does she have a cross over gait?
note how much tibial varum she has (curvature of the tibial in the coronal plane)
how much adduction of the right foot there is, potentially indicating a tight posterior compartment, or p…

Take a look at this gal.

Why does she have a cross over gait?

  • note how much tibial varum she has (curvature of the tibial in the coronal plane)
  • how much adduction of the right foot there is, potentially indicating a tight posterior compartment, or perhaps a loss of internal rotation of the right thigh
  • the excessive posterior rotation of the left shoulder and upper body
  • the subtle abduction of the right arm compared to the left
  • the slight torso lean to the left

The correct answer is we don’t know until we examine her. Maybe is is there out of necessity or perhaps it is a more efficient running style for her. Here are some points:

Technical Issues with the crossover gait

The cross over gait may be:

  • a more efficient running style
  • a potential pathologic musculoskeletal motor pattern
  • better for long distance runners
  • a challenge to balance because of a narrower base of support

It may also be related to:

  • a weak gluteus medius
  • weak adductors
  • excessive foot pronation
  • lower extremity morpholgy (like tibial varum, forefoot varus)
  • a weak vastus medialis
  • a weak tibialis posterior
  • and the list goes on

Join us, tomorrow, Wednesday evening, 8pm EST, 7 CST, 6 MST, 5PCT for an hour of crossover gait on chirocredit.com or onlinece.com for Biomechanics 316. We look forward to seeing you there..

The Gait Guys: Shawn and Ivo